'Benign quota' is a fixed ratio in housing occupancy on the basis of race or ethnic origin.

This policy establishes racial/ethnic quotas for public housing blocks where a proportion of flats in each neighborhood is allocated to diverse groups. Owners are free to buy and sell flats to persons of any ethnicity as long as racial/ethnic limits of the neighborhood are maintained.

Reckless transmission laws punish individuals for their reckless behavior that results in the spread of viruses. The most common example of these laws being applied are in the transmission of viruses like HIV and other STIs, when an individual fails to adhere to protective measures which prevent the spread of the virus.

For the purposes of this debate, there are two dominant narratives within the LGBTIQ+ movement regarding religion: one where the discourse seeks a constant critique of religion and another where the narrative seeks to generate a reinterpretation of religions to give acceptance to the community.

The people of Tigray, the northernmost region of Ethiopia, comprise 6 percent of the country’s 110 million people yet have enjoyed disproportionately large power and influence for nearly three decades. In November, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of the Prosperity Party ordered a violent military offensive after he accused the regional ruling party, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), of attacking a government military base. This follows a long-simmering feud between the federal government and the TPLF, and came at a turbulent time with Ahmed trying to steer the country from ethnic federalism to a unified nation. Ahmed has declared emergency rule in the Tigray region which is occupied by state forces and now facing a humanitarian crisis.

The Hamas is an Islamist group that controls Gaza, the region of Palestine that recently was subject to a large scale airstrike by Israeli forces. They enjoy popular support among Palestinians, especially those residing in Gaza. Historically, the Hamas has been involved in numerous armed attacks on Israeli forces, civilians and property. As a consequence, they are designated as a terrorist group by Israel and USA, among other nations.
The US, along with its allies - in particular Egypt - has traditionally negotiated with Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation lead by Fateh (a Palestinian political party which governs in the West Bank region of Palestine) in order to implement the two state solution. The USA and its allies recognise the PLO as the legitimate government in Palestine. However, over the last decade, there has been a decrease in popularity of Fateh and the PLO among Palestinians, with its leader Mahmoud Abbas calling off the proposed elections for 2021 (the first elections to be held in Palestine since 2005) as he feared that the elections might lead to Hamas making considerable headway into the West Bank political scene.

Enfranchisement lottery is an epistemological model of voting where a small group of citizens is chosen at random (through a lottery) before every election. They are called the pre-voters. To finally become enfranchised and vote, pre-voters would gather in relatively small groups to participate in a competence-building process carefully designed to optimize their knowledge about the alternatives on the ballot. Based upon their performance in the competence-building process, they would be allowed to vote. The entire process is conducted by an independent body who does not reveal any information about the chosen voters till the elections are over.